Calculating machine



Oct. 17, 1933. w. BALL 1,930,870

CALCULATING MACHINE med may 51, 1930 1o sheets-sheet 1 Oct. 17, 1933. w. BALL GALGULAT'ING MACHINE Filed may. 51, 195o l0 Sheets-Sheet 2 of.r17, 1933.'l w, BALL 1,930,870

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 31, 1930 10 Sheds-Sheet 3 l Ivan-roei" W. BALI.

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CALCULATING MACHINE l f Filed May 31,`193O l0 Sheets-Sheet 4 Oct. 17, 1933. w. BALI.`

GALCULATING MACHINE 1o sheets-sheet 5 Filed May 31, 1930 Oct. 17, 1933.

Filed lay 5l, 1930 1o sheets-sheet 6 Oct. 17, 1933. w. BALI.A

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 51, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet? l IPN L ...A/,QN l/l. /H

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Oct. 17, 1933. w.y BALL GALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 3l, 1930 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR, W.BALL

kOct. 17, 1933. w. BALL CLCULATING MACHINE Filed May :51, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Oct. 17, 1933. 5 w. BALL 1,930,870

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed May 3l, 1950 l-O Sheets-Sheet 10 INVENTDQ W. BA1.;

PERI" Patented Oct. 17, 1933 UNITED STATES 1,930,870 CALCULATING MACHINE William Ball, Wallington, England, assigner, by

direct and mesne assignments, to British Adding and Calculating Machines, Limited, London, England Application May 31, 1930, Serial No. 458,629, and in Great Britain June 14, 1929 8 Claims.

This invention relates to calculating machines of the kind wherein differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism is. employed for the totalizer wheel of each denominational section of a machine, such mechanism being shown, for example, in my U. S. patent specication Serial No. 243,660 and in British .Patent No. 288,672, wherein the actuating member for each totalizer wheel is differentially movable with respect to the associated setting element.

The chief object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of machine wherein manufacturing and assembling operations are facilitated and machines of different capacities and machines arranged for calculating in different systems may be readily assembled as desired, and, further, such a construction in which adjustments and examination of parts during assembly are reduced toa minimum.

According to the invention a calculating unit for a calculating machine comprises a plate hereinafter termed a stretcher plate, carrying in combination differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism for a denominational totalizer wheel, a main operating member for said mechanism formed for detachable connection with the main shaft of the machine, a totalizer wheel arranged for actuation by said mechanism, a key column with which said mechanism is arranged to cooperate, and transfer mechanism adapted for co-operation with the totalizer wheel of an adjacent unit.

In a preferred embodiment the stretcher plate of a unit is provided with open housings arranged for receipt by a carrying frame.

A machine constructed according to the invention comprises an assembly of such calculating units mounted on bearer rods extending transversely of a pair of side mounting frames,l said bearer rods. carrying spacing means such aswashers, interposed between each unit to give lateral rigidity to the machine.

By providing such a unitary machine wherein each unit includes all the main elements of a denominational section, the units being complete in themselves, it will beseen that the capacity of the machine can be readily varied as desired, and in a preferred embodiment whereiny the stretcher plate of each unit is provided with the open housings, each unit may be readily detached and replaced or interchanged with another unit as desired, without in any way interfering with the remaining units.

The invention will vbe further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where (Cl. 23S-60) a preferred form of calculating and listing machine is illustrated by way of example, and

where:

Fig. l is a general plan of the machine;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line II-II of Fig. 1; and Fig. 2Av is a detailed part perspective View showing the stretcher plate of a calculating unit, and more particularly the means for resetting the transfer rack of a unit;

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan taken on the line III- III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 being a sectional elevation looking from the rear taken on the line IV-IV of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 5 shows a suitable main frame, such a frame being duplicated at each side of the machine and the calculating mechanism being carried between them.

Fig. 6 is a view from the left of a calculating unit detached, the column showing-nine numeral keys in addition to the column release key at the extreme right hand end and corresponding to one of the pounds columns in the machine in the preceding gures;

Fig. 6A is 'a detailed view of a part of the actuating rack associated with the differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism of a calculating unit as shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6B is a detailed sectional view on the line 6B-6B of Fig. 6 with the keyboard section removed;

Fig. '7 is a corresponding-view fromthe` right of the calculating unit shown in Fig. 6, the type bar being omitted and the totalizer wheel shown disengaged from the actuating rack to indicate clearly the normal position of the totalizer wheel when the unit is mounted in the machine;

Fig. 7A is a detailed View taken from Fig. 7 showing the means for locking a totalizer Wheel in set position;

- Fig. 8 an end view of a calculating unit.

Fig. 8Avis a detail sectional perspective view of the front end of the unit only with the column release key omitted and showing more particularly the construction of the stubs of the numeral keys and the staggering of the abutments on the setting rack;

Fig. 9 is a detailed section oi.' the side plate carrying the non-add, non-print, repeat and error keys'and their associated mechanism, which plate is preferably located at the right of the machine.

Fig. 10 is a corresponding detailed view of the other side plate, which carries the total and subtotal keys and the change-over control from addition to subtraction or vice versa; while Fig. 10A is a detail perspective view taken from Fig. 10 of the mechanism associated with the total and sub-total keys and change-over controls, the parts being shown assembled, but slightly separated for clearness;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged right hand end view of Fig. 6 showing only the column release key in depressed condition, and the associated clearing bar which co-operates with all the keys in the section;

Fig. 11A is a similar view to Fig. 11 with, the column release key in a non-depressed released condition;

l Fig. 11B is a detail clearing bar;

'Fig l2 is a perspective constructional view of a single type bar and its associated pressure printing and non-print devices looking from the left of Fig. 4;

Fig. 12A is a detail perspective view of a nonprint device from the right of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 12B is a diagrammatic view showing the operated and non-operated positions of a nonprint device.

Although the machine is readily adaptable to power operation, the preferred form illustrated has been shown as hand operated.

Referring now to the drawings, but first more particularly to Figs. 1 to 5, the main operating shaft is identifled by the numeral 1 and is carried in bushings 2 on each of the main side frames 3, see more particularly Fig. 5, an operating handle 4 keyed to the shaft 1 projecting at the right, as customary.

Each side frame 3 is provided with a pair of seats 5. and 6 by which they are rigidly secured to a base plate 7, the lateral dimensions of which are dependent on the' number of columns within the capacity of the machine.

The machine illustrated is a nine column machine as used extensively, although it will -be understood that by a simple variation in the size of the base plate 7 the capacity o! the machine can be readily varied, as hereafter clearly explained.

The side frames 3 are identical, and each is provided with a pair of open housings 8 and 9 arranged to receive hardened steel bolts 10 and 11v running the width of the machine, and serving to carry an assembly of calculating units 12, one of which is shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, and each of which is provided with open housings 13 and 14 adapted to nt over the bolts 10 and 11.

As is clearly shown in Fig. 1, the keyboard is constituted by a number of separate key sections or columns 18, each of which forms part of and is controlled by the mechanism of a unit 12 and a series of spacing washers 15 (see Figs. 3 and 4) of dimensions corresponding to the width of each section 16 of the keyboard are arranged along the bolts 10 and 11 to tlxedly locate the several units.

As clearly shown in Fig. 1, 17 is a dished metal cover provided with an aperture 18 for the keyboard, and a window or series thereof 19,4 through which the totalizing wheels 20, one of which is associated with each unit 12, may be seen, the cover shown being also provided with a further aperture 21 to accommodate the printingsection hereafter described.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 6, 7 and 8, where one of the detachable units 12 forming the main feature of the present invention is illustrated, 16 is a keyboard section as beforementioned, being secured by bolts or rivets perspective view of the `stamping of sheet metal, blanked and pierced to cylindrical .extension Vpieces 46 and 47 respecto the outturned iianges 26 and 27 of the stretcher plate 28 forming the foundation of the unit 12.

This stretcher plate 28, as clearly shown in Figures 6 and'7 and also in Fig. 2A, is a plain Sn carry the various parts of the calculating mechanism of the unit, and ilanged at 30 to carry a guide plate 31,` through which the stubs of the keys of the section project.

The guide plate 31 is also tied to the top plate 16 by pillars 33, 34 and 35, whereby substantial rigidity of the unit is attained, and .the numeral keys 32 and the column release keys 32a both have flat shanks 36 passing through aligned lateral slots 37 and 38 in the top plate and guide respectively.

To provide a flexible keyboard, i. e. one in which depression of a key in a column clears any other key which has been depressed in the same column, a description'will now be given of the construction of the keys and of the means employed lfor releasing a depressed key in a column.

With continued reference,4 therefore, to Figs. 6, 7, and 8, and more partitcularly to Figs. 1l, 11A and 11B, it being understood that the construc- 100 tion of the numeral keys 32 is similar to that of lthe column release key 32a, shown in Figs. 1l

and 11A, each key shank 36 of the keys of each column or section 16 is provided with an outstanding lug 39, on the `fiat face of the shank, with which lug a compression spring 40 iixed to the guide plate 31, is connected, so that the key is normally pushed upwardlyby the spring 40 to lie adjacent the under-side of the top plate 16.

On both the side edges of each key shank 36 two lll` projections 42, 42a are formed, one for limiting the upward movement and the other for limiting the downward movement of the key, while a cam surface 41 and a recess 41a are also provided for c'o-operating with a clearing bar 45 extending the 115 length of the keyboard section 16.

The clearing bar 45 is substantially of channel or L-shape section (see Fig. 11B) and is pivotal- 1y mounted on the stretcher plate 28 by means of tively mounted in bearings formed in inturned ilanges 48 and 49, one at each end of the stretcher plate 28 and adjacent the top plate of the keyboard section 16.

As shown in Fig. 11A, when a key'is not de- 12E pressed the short arm 45a of the clearing bar 45 bears against the lower portion of the cam surface 4l on the key shank 36 by means of a tension spring 50, xed to the guide plate 31 and connected to the short arm 45a substantially centrally of the clearing bar 45 (see Fig. 6), but on depression of thekey (see Fig. 11), the cam surface 41 causes the clearing bar to rock to the right about its pivotal axis until the recess 41a is reached, when the short arm 45a snaps into the recess to retain the key in the depressed condition against the compression in its spring 40.

Thus, with the numeral keys 32 in undepressed condition, and the associated column release key 32a depressed as shown, for example, in Fig. l 6, the short arm 45a engages with the cam surfaces 41 on the numeral keys and with the recess 41a in the column release key, but upon depression of a numeral key the consequent rocking of the clearing bar disengages the short arm 45a from the recess 41a in the column release key so that the latter restores by means of its spring 40.

Similarly, if another numeral key is depressed, A or the columnreleese key again operated either 15k .a total or sub-total taking operation, if a key '6 and 7, the stretcher plate 28 is provided with a number of slots 51, 52, 54, 44a and 44h, which form guides for mounting a differentially geared actuating and setting rack mechanism for the totalizer wheel 20, this mechanism including a linearly movable pinion for operating the racks, and the arrangement being such that the actuating rack is adapted to move differentially with respect to the associated setting element.

This-differentially geared mechanism including the linearly movable pinion is similar to that described in my United States patent specification No. 1,742,053 and again employed in the arrangement described' in my United States patent specification (Serial No. 243,660), an'd comprises an upper normally movable rack 53 provided with headed pins 69 riding in the slots 51, 52, a normally stationary lower rack 57, hereafter, referred to as the transfer rack, provided with headed pins 44 riding in the slots 44a and 44h, and an actuating rack 56 formed with a -slot 66 engaging with a headed pin 67 mounted 'quently.

The linearly movable pinion designated 55 is,

mounted on the stretcher plate 28 by means of a bolt 55a riding -in the slot 54, a nut and washer 55h maintaining the pinion in position on the` plate 28 ,and the pinion engaging with both the upper and lower racks 53 and 57 respectively, and being connected to and mounted on the actuating rack 56 by means of the bolt 55aI which, before being mounted in the slot 54, is first'passed through a hole 56h in a downward extension 56a at the right hand end of the rack 56 (see Figs. 6 and 6A).

It will be seen that with this arrangement the movement of the upper rack 53 is in all cases double that of the pinion 55 when the transfer rack 57 is stationary, and consequently double the movement of the actuating rack 56.

In this manner well spaced keys to each column or section of the keyboard may be attained without the actuating and setting mechanism being unduly large, and as hereinafter described, transfer may be effected through the mechanism during the setting of the totalizer wheels in a manner similar to that described in patent specification Serial No. 243,660 referred to above. i

With reference now to the setting rack heretofore mentioned, in contradistinction to either of the constructions disclosed in the prior specifications heretofore referredto, in the presentarrangement a rising setting rack 58 to each differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism is employed, the forward end of which is pivoted at 59 to the upper rack 53, while the other end is provided with a stub 60 arranged to i ride in an inclined guide slot 61 formed in the body 62 of the actuating rack 56, the arrangement being such that during the movement of the differentially geared actuating mechanism from the zero position illustrated the setting rack 58 rises towards the keyboard by means of the guide slot 61, it being understood that since the upper rackv53, and therefore the setting rack 58, gains on the actuating rack 56 the stub 60 on the rear end of the setting rack 58 will be caused to ride up the inclined slot 61 inthe actuating rack 56, to bring the setting rack into co-operation with a key which may be depressed in the associated column.

In the prior specifications heretofore referred to, a single stop or abutmentwas mounted on the upper moving rack for co-operating with any depressed key in the column, which resulted in the travel of the upper rack being unduly large, and in considerable impact arising between the abutment anda depressed key, especially if such key was of a high numerical value, but according to this arrangement the provision of a separate setting member rising towards a depressed key considerably reduces the impact against the key and enables the travel of theupper rack 53, and consequently ofA the setting rack 58, to be reduced, and, further, it is possible to use a separate stop or abutment 63 for each key of the column, whereby the wear on any individual abutment is considerably reduced, and the durability and freedom from adjustment of this part of the counting mechanism ensured` by reducing the impact between the setting rack abutments 63 and the keys.

The abutments 63, are arranged so that the forward or right hand abutment 63, seen in Fig.

V6, co-operates with the 0 or column release key,

the second abutment with the 1 key, and so on, the last or left hand abutment co-operating with the 8 key, and the end of the slot 61 in the actuating rack 56 being employed as the nal or 9 abutment corresponding with the full travel of the setting rack 58, and thereby eliminating the necessity for a further abutment on such setting rack, although, if desired, of course such an abutment could be provided` to co-operate with the stub of the 9 key.

64 is a coil spring connected between the end of the setting rack 58and a pin 65 on the actuating rack 56 which spring actuates the transfer rack 57 foraddition transfer, and also renders the differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism substantially self-acting by reason of the fact that the spring is normally in tension, as will be explained later,

It will be understood that for a'pence column twelve keys will be provided, and correspondingly eleven or twelve abutments 63, according to whether the end of the slot 6l` is employed as a.

Yrelease key at the right of the column being depressed and engaging its abutment to maintain the setting rack 58 and the remainder of the mechanism therein. y

Movement of the differentially. geared actuating and settingl mechanism after a key 32 has been depressed is controlled from the main operating shaft 1 of the machine through a main operating member constituted by a rocker '70 pivoted to a shouldered pin '71 at the foot of the stretcher plate 28, and having three arms, the first 72 being provided with an anti-friction roller '73 which when the unit is assembled in the machine abuts with a control arm r74 (see Figs. 2 and 6) on the main operating shaft 1, the roller, if permitted tending to follow the arm 74 under spring action as hereafter explained during the initial stroke of the handle 4, which, as customary, is in the direction of the arrow A in Figs. 2 and 6.

A second arm '75 forms the operative connection with the pinion of the differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism, being formed with a slotted end '76 in which rides a pin '7'7 carried by a link 78 in turn carried on the pivot 55a of the pinion 55 (see Figs. 6 and 6B).

A pin '79 on the arm 75 and a second pin 80 on the link '78 are connected by a coil spring 8l, which normally maintains the pin '7'7 to the right of the slotted end '76 as shown, the lost motion provided by the slotted end 76 enables such operations as clearing of the keyboard and resetting of displaced transfer racks to be accomplished after the setting racks have been returned, whilst the spring 81 also ensures that the setting rack 58 is maintained in the normal position during depression of the column release keys to clear the keyboard towards the end of .the ultimate return stroke of the main shaft, as

will be hereafter explained.

It willbe noted that the position of the rocker '70 and of the pin in the slotted end '76 thereof, as shown in the drawings, is that when the handle 4 has been moved slightly forward without a key being depressed. Thus, if the handle is restored the slotted end would move across the pin '77 until the latter abuts against the opposite end to that shown, this slotted end herefore provid- .ing a lost motion to ensure proper zeroizing and to eliminate spacing strokes with regard to resetting displaced transfer racks, as hereafter explained. It will be further noted, however, that when the pin 77 is at the opposite end of the slotted end '76, the spring 8l is under tension,

thus enabling the lost motion to be taken up upon the handle again being moved forward.

A third arm 82 completes the rocker '70, and is provided with an anti-friction roller 83 which .cooperates with an oscillating lever 84 pvoted to the stretcher plate 28 at 85 to actuate the printing mechanism hereafter described'.

Assuming the calculating unit now beingdescribed to be assembled in the machine, then to enable the roller 73 to follow the arm '74 and the differentially geared actuating and setting mechanism to be substantially self-acting, the spring 64, in the normal position of the mechanism, is under tension so that when the setting rackl 58 is unlocked, by releasing the column release key 32a, and the handle 4 is moved forward, the setting rack 5'8, the actuating rack 56 and the pinion 55 together with the rocker '70 ,automatically move rearwardly due to the tension in the spring 64, the roller 73 thus following the arm '74, and the rate of the movement of the parts being governed by the movement of the handle. During the return stroke of the handle 4, the arm '74 abuts against the roller 73 to move the rocker forwardly and thereby restores the actuating and setting mechanism against the tension of the spring 64. To facilitate the automatic movement of the parts and also to cause movement of the transfer rack 57 for a subtraction transfer as subsequently described, a further tension spring 64a is provided connected between points on the stretcher plate 28 and the rocker '70, or the spring 64a, may be used in place of the spring 64.

Further assuming that in place of the column release key shown depressed in Figure 6 the 8 key is depressed and the operating handle 4 turned in the direction of the arrow A, the setting rack 58 and the actuating rack 56' will move to the left (Figure 6), the rocker '70 turning in an anti-clockwise direction as the arm 74 rotates away from the roller 73, until the respective abutment 63, i. e. the left hand one, engages the stub of the 8 key, when the further movement of the actuating rack will be arrested and the arm '74 will leave the roller '73.

In this position the actuating rack 56 will have moved a space equivalent to eight facets of the totalizer wheel 20, and if the wheel 20 through its pinion 68 be then engaged with theactuating rack 56 and the operating shaft 1 returned to its initial position the totalizer wheel would show a Yleading corresponding with the item set up in the key column, i. e. the number 8.

The operation will be more fully described with reference to the complete machine, but it will be noticed that the unit 12 of which the stretcher plate forms the base is in itself a one column calculator.

With reference to Figs. '7 and 7A, the totalizer wheel 20 of a unit is carried on a spindle 89a mounted on a bell crank 90, and movingwithin a slot 90a in the stretcher plate 28, the bell crank 90 is pivoted to the stretcher plate 28 at 91, and is arranged for actuation by a common bar hereafter referred to, which engages a slot 92 in said bell crank 90 to throw the totalizer wheel 20 into engagement with the actuating rack 56 during its return stroke for addition, and during its forward stroke for subtraction, the totalizer wheel 20 being normally held out of engagement with the actuating rack 56, and its setting being held by a lug 93 which projects from the left face of the stretcher plate 28 and forms a locking and alignment pawl by engaging the teeth of the pinion 68 of the totalizer wheel 20 (see more particularly Fig. 7A) v The spindle 89a normally abuts against the top face of the slot 90a and upon the bell crank 90 being operated to engage the totalizer wheel 20 with the actuating rack 56, the spindle 89a moves until it abuts against the lower face of the slot 90a. This slot, therefore, determines the radial movement of the bell crank arm carrying the totalizer wheel 20 and the mesh of the pinion 68 of said wheel with the actuating rack 56.

With the exception of the addition and subtraction transfer mechanisms, lwhich are illustrated in Figure '7 and generally designated 94 and 95 respectively, this completes the mechanism carried by the stretcher plate 28 and forming one unit 12 which can be very easily produced cheaply and in large numbers.

As appears more clearly from Figs. 6 and '7 the slots 5l and 52 in the stretcher plate 28 are arranged of greater length than the travel of the rack 53, and their extremities are provided with apertures 51a and 52a respectively, through which the heads of the pins 69 which carry the rack 53 can pass and the rack thereby be removed `order to increase the clearance or fitted, suitable spacing washers being provided preferably integral with the pins of standard thicknessA throughout the machine, to reduce the friction where desirable. n

Similarly, the heads `44 of the pins carrying the lower or transfer rack 57 and riding in the slots 44a and 44h, -can pass through similar apertures in the stretcher plate 28, vand in this manner assembly of the unit 12 or replacing of any parts-is greatly simplified.

With reference more particularly to Fig. 8A, in between the teeth 63 of the setting rack 58 and the stubs 'of the numeral keys 32 alternate teeth of are staggered as shown at 63a, and the stubs of alternate keyshanks 36 are correspondingly stag-- gered as at 43.

Thus, the outer stubs will co-operate with the staggered abutment 63a while the inner stubs will co-operate with the normal abutments, so that in this way, as the setting rack rises towards a depressed key, the abutment corresponding to the next higher numeral key is permitted to pass the depressed key. This arrangement allows of a longer abutment being employed, so that more positive co-operation with the keys results whilst permitting abutments of higher numeral keys to pass a depressed lower numeral key without interference.

In Fig. 3 the setting racks 58 respectively associated with the farthings and tens of shillings totalizer wheels 20 are shown with the normal teeth 63 only, since the number of effective keys required for the columns associated with these totalizer wheels will be small, and consequently the travel of the respective setting racks will be correspondingly limited; the setting racks associated with the remaining totalizer wheels are shown with the staggered abutments as described above.

As an alternative to staggering the abutments on the setting rack, two or more of such racks may be provided, each having abutments for the keys with which it is to co-operate.

By the provision of such a setting rack or racks increased clearance of the key stems is obtained and the durability and freedom from adjustment of this part of machine improved by giving a clearance adequate to take up any wear in the parts.

Reverting\ again more particularly to Figures 2 and 3, each of the units 12 making up the calculating portion of the machine is arranged with addition and subtraction transfer mechanisms, previously generally referred to under the designations 94 and 95, and each` comprising a pair of bell crank levers mounted on a common pivot 96, (see Fig. 7).

Each totalizenwheel 20 is provided at its left side (see Figures 2 and 6) with a pair of lugs 97 and 98,-herein called the addition-transfer lug and the subtraction transfer lug respectively. These lugs co-operate with the transfer mechanisms 94 and 95 of the left adjacent unit 12, i. e. the unit of next Ahigher denomination, so that on a totalizer wheel 20 changing from 9 to 0 during addition, or from 0 to 9 during subtraction, the respectivetransfer mechanism 94 or 95 of the next higher denomination is actuated to add or subtract one, as the case may be, from its totalizer wheel 20.

This transfer is effected, as previously mentioned through the medium of the lower and normally stationary transfer rack 57 of the next higher denomination by the mechanism now to the setting 'rack` be described, which is substantially in accordance with that4 disclosed in patent speciflcationSerial No. 243,660.

With reference now to Fig. 7, the addition transfer mechanism 94 of each unit 12, which it will be more4 convenient to describe first, includes a three armed bell crank 100 having one arm 100a arranged substantially at right angles to the Aforking arms 100b and 100e and pivoted at 96 to the right face of the stretcher plate 28, the arm 100a carrying a pin 101 projecting through a slot 102 in the stretcher plate and engaging a cooperating notch 103 in the transfer rack 57 (see Fig. 6).

Normally the pin 101 engages the notch 103 and .locks the transfer rack 57 in its neutral mid position. When an addition transfer is to be eected, the addition transfer lug 97 on the totalizer wheel 20 of next lower denomination, which to do this must be passing from 9 to 0, engages the shorter arm 100e and rocks the bell crank 100 so that the pin 101 moves down the slot 102 and out of engagement with the notch 103, whereat by movement of the pinion 55 by the rocker 70 and, under the laction of the spring 64, the transfer rack 57 moves forwardly and permits the actuating rack 56 to turn the totalizer wheel 20 one tooth space in the direction of addition, whereby the next higher numeral reading is shown thereon.

The subtraction transfer is also mounted on the common pivot 96 and includes a second bell crank 104 carrying a pin 105 passing through .a slot 106 in the stretcher plate 28, and engaging a co-operating slot 107 formed in the transfer rack 57 (see Fig. 6).

The slot 107 includes a pair of offset lateral branches 108, 109, the pin 105 normally lying at the head of the slot 107 adjacent the branch 108 in abutment with the wall 108a terminating this branch, so that on the locking pin 101 of the addition transfer being removed from its notch 103 the transfer rack 57 is permitted to move by reason of the branch 108 passing along the pin 105, the dimensions of this branch being such as to permit a movement of the transfer rack 57 corresponding to one tooth space of the actuating rack 56.

As shown in Figure 7, two retaining pawls 1001i and e are provided for retaining the transfer mechanisms 94 and 95 in their operative positions when either addition or subtraction transfer is effected. The retaining pawl 1001i is pivoted at 100f to the stretcher plate, while the retaining pawl 100e is pivoted, as shown, to the bell crank 104 of the subtraction transfer mechanism 95, the bell crank 100 of the addition transfer mechanism 94 being provided with a pair of outstanding lugs 100g and 100h formed with ratchet teeth for engaging respectively with the retaining pawls 100d and 100e. The pawls 10mi/and 100e are maintained in engagement with their respective ratchet teeth by means of springs 100i and 100i connected between points on the pawls and the bell crank 100, the spring 100i also serving to bring the subtractiontransfer 95 into a condition for subtraction transfer when the bell crank 100 is rocked by a bail 110 (see Figs. 2, 3, 7 and .10)

actuated from the subtraction key hereafter referred to.

When the machine is set for addition, the addition transfer mechanism 94 is as shown in Figure 7, and thus, when the bell crank 100 is rocked for an addition transfer, the retaining pawl 10011 drops into the first of the ratchet teeth on the lug 100g to maintain the bell crank in its rocked position.

When the machine is conditioned for subtraction, as will hereafter be described, the bail 110 engaging with the arm 1002) of the bell crank 100 is caused to rock the latter about the pivot 96, so that the pin 101 moves down the slot 102, and by reason of the spring 1007' the bell crank 104 of the subtraction transfer mechanism 95 is simultaneously rocked about the pivot 96, thereby moving the pin 105 past the branch 109 down to the bottom of the slots 106 and 107. Thus, although the transfer rack 57 has been' released by the pin 101, it is still maintained in its normal position by reason of the pin 105 engaging with the transfer slot 107 in the transfer rack.

Since the bell crank 104 of the subtraction transfer mechanism has been rocked about the pivot 96 as explained above, the right-hand arm of the bell crank will be in a position to engage the transfer lug 98 of the next lower denominational totalizer wheel 20. When, therefore, a subtraction transfer is to be effected, which is when the said wheel is passing through 0 to 9, the lug 98 engages with the right-hand arm of the bell crank.104 to rock the latter and bring the pin 105 opposite the branch 109 whereby the transfer rack 57 may be permitted to move to the left, or rearwardly, the branch 109 running along the pin 105, until it is engaged by the wall 109a so that the actuating rack 56 is moved one tooth space in the direction of subtraction. This movement is prevented until after printing has taken place, as will/be explained hereinafter.

It will be noted here, however, that when a subtraction transfer has been initiated, the pawl 100e will be engaging with the ratchet tooth on the lug 100h, and since the pawl 100d is already engaging with the second tooth on the lug 100g by reason of the rocking of the bell crank 100 by the bail 110, both the subtraction and addtion transfer mechanisms will be retained in operative position.

Thus, for an addition or subtraction transfer, the totalizer wheel pinion 68 will be moved one tooth space either to the rear or forwardly, as the case may be. To effect this the relative movement between the different racks of the dif ferentially geared actuating and setting mechanism is as follows:-

It will be clear from-the preceding descrip-4 tion of such mechanism that there is a 2 to 1 ratio between the upper rack 53 and the pinion 55 when the transfer rack 57 is stationary; consequently, if transfer, either addition or subtraction as the case may be, is effected when the upper rack 53 is stationary, the transfer rack 57 will become the moving rack with a 2 to 1 movement,-whereas if transfer is effected when the upper rack is moving, both upper and transfer racks 53 and 57 will move simultaneously, thereby neutralizing the 2 to 1 movement.

It will be noted that the dimensions of the branches 108 and 109 in the transfer rack 57 are such as to permit of the 2 to 1 movement of the transfer rack.

It will be seen from the above that transfer either for addition or subtraction can be effected any time during the setting of the totalizer wheels 20, although in the latter case transfer is with-- held until after printing has taken place for the reasons stated hereafter.

It will be understood that the actuating rack 56 being in engagement with the totalizer wheelv 20 during the forward stroke only for subtrac- Leaders tion, and during the rearward stroke only for addition, the resetting of the transfer rack 57 at the end of the return stroke for addition only will not affect the totalizerwheel 20, as it is out of engagement with the actuating rack 56, as will be hereafter explained.

The means employed for resetting the transfer rack 57 to normal if such rack has been displaced, will also be explained subsequently, but it will be noticed that when the transfer rack has effected a subtraction transfer, that is moved to the left during the forward stroke, it is brought back to its normal position by movement of the pinion 55 during the return stroke, and is retained in said position by the left-hand wall of the slot 107 abutting against the pin 105, until such time as it is latched by the pin 105 or pin 101.

It may be mentioned here, however, that when the totalizer wheel 20 is brought out of engagement with the actuating rack 56, the consequent rocking of the bell crank causes the pin 100k thereon to abut against the pawl 1001i, if transfer has taken place.

If the machine is set for addition, this will disengage the pawl 100d from the first tooth on the lug 100g, and thus allows the bell crank 100 to be restored by the tension in the spring 100i.

On the other hand, if the machine is set for subtraction, that is the pawl 10011 is engaging with the second of the ratchet teeth on the lug 100g and a subtraction transfer has been effected, in which case the pawl 100e will b'e engaging with the ratchet tooth on the lug 100h, and an outstanding lug 1001 on the pawl 100e will be engaging with the pawl 100d, then upon the pin 100k of' the bell crank 90 abutting against the pawl 100d, the pawl 100e will be disengaged from its ratchet tooth, and if the bail 110 has been restored, both transfer mechanisms 94 and 95 will be restored to norma1, as shown, through the tensions in the springs 100i and 1007' respectively, and the pin 101 on the bell crank 100 will consequently engage in the notch 103 in the transfer rack 57 'to lock the same.

The bail 110 remains in the subtraction position for the return stroke of the handle, so that during this stroke the addition transfer mechanism 94 is maintained in subtraction operative position.

It will thus be seen that when the transfer rack 57 is restored during the return stroke, the bell crank 104, due to the pawl 100e being disengaged, will rock in an anti-clockwise direction by the tension in the spring 100i, so that the pin 105 moves down to the bottom of the slot 106 and the slot 107 in the transfer rack 57 to lock the latter in normal position and condition the bell crank 104 for effecting a subtraction transfer on any subsequent stroke, when necessary. Thus, the transfer rack 57 is locked immediately it is restored during the return stroke, and since, when the repeat key is depressed, the bail 110 will not be restored towards the end of the return stroke, .then the subtraction transfer mechanism will remain in the above position with the rack 57 locked and the bell crank 104 in a condition to effect a subtraction transfer, if necessary, during the subsequent forward stroke.

Referring now to the mechanism general to the whole of the calculating machine, and describing first the mechanism by which the totalizer wheels 20 of the several units 12 are placed in connection with the actuating racks 56 during the rearward stroke thereof for addition calculations, and during the forward stroke thereof for subtraction calculations, and referring more particularly to Figs. 9 and 10, 111 is a cam keyed to the main operating shaft 1 having operative peaks comprised in rollers 112 and 113 at each end which through a small bell crank 121 are effective to operate a link 115, hereafter referred to as the change-over link, so that the latter is directly and positively actuated from the main shaft.

The link 115 carries a small roller 115b which rides on the cam 111 to ensure effective engagement operations of the totalizer wheels by the link 115 during both strokes of the main shaft 1.

A pin 134 at the other end of the link'115 normally i. e. for addition, lies at the upper end of a slot 135e in a link element 135 pvoted at 136 to a side frame 137, which, in the assembled machine lies at the left of the highest denominational unit 12.

The upper end of the rocker element 135 also carries a pin 138 to which is connected a second link 139 in turn operating a bail 140 running transversely of the machine (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4), and carried on an arm 141,there being preferably one arm at each end of the bail, the arms being pivotally mounted on stubs 142 secured to the frame.

As illustrated by dot and dash lines in Fig. 10, the side frame 137 can conveniently be arranged with open housings in a similar manner to the open housings provided in each stretcher plate 28.

The bail 140 co-operates with the bell crank arms carrying the totalizer wheels 20 by engaging a hook-like recess 92 in their dependent portions (see more particularly Fig. 6), and in the normal addition'position of the machine as shown in Fig. 2, the totalizer wheels are held out of engagement with the actuating racks 56.

116, Fig. 2, are spring pressed catch pawls d pivoted to a common bar 252 (see Fig. 3) and each having a pair of recesses 116a, 1161), adapted to co-operate with pins 117 on the bell cranks 90. When the pins 117 are in the recesses 116a the totalizer wheels 2O are out of mesh, while when the pins are in the recesses 116b the totalizer wheels are in mesh.

The pawls 116 may be mounted on the stretcher plates 28 if desired instead of on the bar 252.

` As previously mentioned, the totalizer wheels 20 require to be maintainedout of engagement with the actuating racks 58 during the initial stroke of the operating shaft 1 for addition, brought in for the rearward stroke and put out again at the end thereof so as to remain out of mesh in the normal condition of the machine.

Reverting to Figure 10 the link 115 is carried towards its forward end on a pin 118 mounted in the side frame 137, which pin 118 forms the pivot point of the link 115. The extension 115a of the link is connected to the small'bell crank lever 121 by means of a pin 119 engaging a slot 120 in one arm of the bell crank lever 121 which latter is pivoted to the side frame 137 at 122 and is provided with a nose 121a which lies in -the path of the rollers 112, 113. Spring 115b connected between the pin 119 and the. frame 137,

holds the link 135 against unwanted displacement.

Assuming the link 115 to be in the position shown, i. e. as set for addition with the totalizer wheels out of engagement with the actuatingl racks 56, during the forward stroke of the handle 4 the cam 111 brushes the roller 1151) on the link until the roller 112 comes into abutment with the roller 115D and tends to knock the link 115 to the right, thereby ensuring that the link 115 is correctly positioned and that the wheels 20 are definitely held out of engagement with the actuating racks 56. The link 115 however, cannot move further than permitted by the pin 118 in the slot 123; consequently the link 115 is knocked upwardly by the roller 112, the slots 120 and 123a permitting this movementwithout affecting the totalizer wheels 20, whereupon as the forward stroke continues the link 115 being still to the right again falls back into its original position. The roller 112 thus passes the roller 1151) and the totalizer wheels 20 will remain and are maintained out of engagement during the forward stroke, until the roller 112 comes into abutment with the nose 121a. This is eiective to rock the bell crank lever 121 about its pivot 122, and force the link 115 to the left (this movement being permitted by the slot 123) which acts through the link 139 to move the bail 140 to the left and rock the bell cranks 90 to throw the totalizer wheels 20 into mesh with the actuating racks 56 where they are maintained by the catch pawls 116 (see Fig. 2), until they are again brought out of mesh at the end of the return stroke.

This condition of aiairs maintains during the rearward stroke of the handle the roller 112 abutting and again passing the roller 115D to ensure that the link 115'is as far to the left as` possible until the actuating and setting racks are restored, whereafter the roller 113 abutting with the nose 121a rocks the bell crank 121 in the opposite direction and brings the link 115 to the right, thus again operating the bail 140, this time to throw the totalizer wheels 20 out of mesh. l

It will be noted that the operating arms 74 are keyed to the operating shaft 1 at 334 (see Fig. 2) and are arranged with a certain amount of play in the key-way'as shown at 335, to allow for this disengagement of the totalizer wheels while the arms 74 are idling and before re-setting of the transfer racks 57 is eiected, as will be hereafter explained.

To set the machine for subtraction the link 115 requires to be swung to the other end, i.e. the bottom, of the rocking link 135, and to this end the subtraction change-over lever 146 is provided projecting through the top plate 147 of the subframe 137.

The change-over lever 146 is pivoted at 148 and is associated with a bell crank arm 149, which moves with the lever 146 in this case, but may be moved independently thereof, the arm 149 being pivotally connected at 150 to a link 151, the

lower end of which is slotted at 152 to engage av pin 153 on the link 115 (see more particularly Fig. 10A).

In the position shown in Figure 10 the lever Y.

146 is in the adding position, and it will be seen that when swung over about its pivot 148 the consequent rocking of the bell crank arm 149 causes depression of the link 151, and consequently depression of the link 115, which thus reverses its v action on the bail and ensures that the totalthat the slotted link 135Y is curved as shown with its centre of curvature located below the picker 118, and that when the lever 146 is swung over. the pin 134 travels down to a point near the bottom of the link 135, and in so doing due to the eccentricity of the pivot 118 and the centre of curvature of the link 135 moves the link 135 about its pivot to throw its top end to the extreme left and thereby correspondingly move the link 139 and the bail 140 to rock the totalizer wheels 20 into engagement with the actuating racks 56. It will be obvious that when the pin 134 is moved to the top of the link 135 a converse operation will result.

To maintain the above described subtraction setting a spring pressed pawl 154 is provided pivoted at 155 to the side frame 137, a latch 156 of which pawl engages a lug 157 on the change-over lever 146 to maintain it and the arm 149 in subtraction position.

The pawl 154 is pivotally connected to an arm 114 having a slot 114a engaging a pin 114b, on an arm 114e secured toa rockable shaft 170 hereinafter referred to as a clearing shaft.

A spring 158 is connected between the bell crank arm 149 and an arm of the pawl 154 and serves both to operate the pawl 154 when the lever 146 is swung over end to return the bell crank arm 149, when released, to its normal adding position as shown in Fig. 10. It will be clear from Fig. 10 that when the arm 149 is returned it draws the link 151 upwardly so that the change over or reversing link 115 can follow by the tension in the spring 159 and thereby move the pin 134 to the top of the link 135.

The arr'n 149 is released by the lever 146 which is also released for return under spring action at Athe end of the return stroke of the handle, release of the lever 146 being effected by the pawl 154 which is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction by the lever 114 which is moved to the right when the clearing shaft 170 is rocked, as will be described with reference to the automatic clearing of the keyboard.

It will be obvious that in the reverse position of the link 115 the operations of engaging and disengaging the totalizer wheels 20 from the actuating racks 56 will be similar to those described for addition, except that their order will be reversed. Thus, the totalizer wheels will be engaged for the forward stroke and disengaged for the return stroke of the handle.

It will be seen that the slot 152 forms a guide for the pin 153 on the link 115 and that thepin is normally maintained at the head of the slot 152 by the spring 159.

The operation of the link 115 and the bail 140 both for subtraction and addition will be preferred to hereafter in connection with the general operation of the machine.

To enable any errors set up on the keyboard to be removed an Error key 160, shown in Figure 9,

is provided being preferably mounted in the top wall 161 of a sub-frame 162, arranged for assembly at -the right of the nachine, preferably as a stretcher plate. v

A flange 163 pressed out from the body of the sub-frame 162, which is shown constructed of sheet metal, forms a guide plate for the shank 164 of the Error key 160, while a lug 165 jumped up from theshank of the key 160, which may also be constructed of sheet metal, engages a short bell crank lever 166 pivoted to the sub-frame 162 at 167, and connected by a pin 187 at its other end to a short link 168 which is connected to a crank arm 169 of the shaft 176, the latter being mount ed in bearings on the two sub-frames137 and 162, as shown in Fig. 3.

This clearing shaft 179 extends across the front of the assembled units l2,.and is provided with a series of pegs or arms 171, which co-operate with slots 172 (see Fig. 11) in the column release keys 32a, so that when the clearing shaft 170 is rocked the column release keys, which have previously been released by the depression of a numeral key in the associated column, are depressed and to rock the clearing bars 45 against the action of their springs 50 and thus clear the keyboard.

Thus when the Error key 16() is depressed the bell crank 166 is rocked about its pivot 167 to move the link 168 to the right and thereby rock the clearing shaft 170 so that the arms 171 depress the column release keys to clear the keyboard, the key 160 being returned to normal position under the action of a spring 173, see Figure 9.

Adjacent the Error key 160 a second key 175 is provided, hereafter referred to as the Repeat key, which can be depressed to ensure a repeated addition or subtraction of a particular key setting should such be required.

This is employed in the embodiment of calculating machine illustrated in view of the fact that means are provided for the clearing of the keyboard at the end of each return stroke and the operating handle 4, such means comprising an abutment 176 on the operating shaft l, which cooperates with an abutment 177 on a rocking lever 178 pivoted to the sub-frame 162.at 179, and acting through a link 180 to rock the clearing shaft 170 towards the end of each return stroke and prior to the resetting of the transfer racks.

The rocking of the clearing shaft 170 depresses the column release keys 32a to clear the keyboard, and, if the change-over lever 146 is in subtraction position, moves the arm 114 to the right to rotate the pawl 154 anti-clockwise to permit of the change-over lever 146 being restored.

Depression of the Repeat key 175 cuts out this operation of the clearing shaft 170, the end 181 of the key when depressed engaging a ledge 182 on the link 180, and thereby causing the link to pivot about the pin 183 so that its other end 184 is depressed against the action of a spring 185.

The end 184 of the link 180 is provided with a lost motion slot 186, and normally the pin 187, connecting the link 168 to the bell crank 166, rides in the lower end of the vertical arm of the slot 186 to enable the motion of the link 180 to be transmitted to the link 168, but, upon the link 180 being depressed by the Repeat key 175, the pin 187A is caused to ride in the top arm of the slot '186 so that the latter arm slides along the pin 187, when the link l18() is moved by the abutment 176 so that this motion of the link 180 is not transmitted to the link 168, and theclearing shaft 170 is not actuated thereby at the end of each stroke.

To permit the Repeat key 175 to retain its -depressed position so long as desired, it is notched at 188 to engage the top plate 161 by the action of the-spring 185, but it can be readily returned to its normal position by manipulation,I or by depression of the Error key 160, the bell crank 166 of which is to this end provided with a connecting rod 189 carrying a pin 190 engaging in a substantially L-shaped slot 191 in the shank of the Repeat key 175, the slot comprising a long arm running along the shank of the Repeat key 175 and a short arm at an obtuse angle to the long arm. Thus, when the Repeat key is depressed, the pin 190 moves to the top of the long arm of the slot 191, but upon depression of the Error key 160 the consequent rocking of the bell crank 166 to the right causes the Repeat key 175 through the connecting rod 189 to be drawn also to the right, so that its notch 188 is clear of the top plate 161, whereby the Repeat key and the link 180 are returned to normal by the spring 185. To ensure that the Repeat key is definitely restored, a spring 175ais preferably provided, which tends n ormally to maintain the key in non-depressed condition.

The short arm of the slot 191 is arranged so that an operation of the Error key 160 at such times as the Repeat key 175 is not depressed has no effect thereon. A

It will be seen from Figure 9 that the pin 183 of the rocking lever 178 is connected Ito the link 180 through the lost motion slot 192, this being provided to per-mit the lever 178 to be rocked during the forward stroke of the handle 4 without affecting the clearing mechanism, and a spring 193 connected at one end to an extension on the end 184 of the link 180, and at its other end to the rocking lever 178 normally maintaining the pin 183 at the right hand extremity of the slot 192 to absorb the lost motion.

Fig. 9 also shows two spring controlled keys 200 and 201, referred to as the Non-add and Non-print keys respectively, the rst, when depressed being locked by the notch 200a engaging the top plate 161 of the sub frame 162 and serving to permit of entries from the keyboard, such as identification numbers, being set up and printed without affecting the totalizer wheels, and the second being locked depressed by the notch 201a and enabling computations to be effected in the machine without a printed record being made- It will be convenient now to refer to the printing link 202 by which the actionof theoperating handle 4 is connected to the printing action,

hereafter more fully described which is effected by the link 202 drawing an arm 203 forwardly by reason of a slot 204 in the end of said link engaging a pin 205 at the end of said arm 203.

The slot 204 closely fits the pin 205 in its lower area, which is normally occupied by the pin 205 by reason of a spring 206 which maintains the link 202 in its upper position. Should the link 202 be forced downwardly by the Non-print key 201 the pin 205 occupies the enlarged portion of the slot 204, and operation of the handle 4 in this event does not effect printing.

The key 201 depends through the top plate 161 and through a guide plate 207 bent over from the sub-frame 162 and under the top plate 161 carries a pin 208, preferably with an anti-friction roller which engages an arm v209 of a virtual bell crank 210, it being understood that the arm 209 is at the right of the,machine, while thel bell crank arm 210 is at the left of the machine, the two being connected and fixed to a transverse shaft 211.

212 is a roller provided on the end of the `bell crank 210, which co-operates with a cam face 213 on the link 202I when the Non-print key is depressed to rock the bell crank, so thatsuch link 202 is depressed and the printing action rendered inoperative.

The Non-add key 200`is similarly constructed, being arranged with a pin 220 carrying an antifriction roller which engages an arm 221 of a second bell crank 222', carrying a roller 223 bearing on the link 139, bywhich the engagement of lcontrolled pressure device is allowed to gradually the totalizer wheels 20 with the actuating racks 56 is controlled.

. The link 139 connects with the pin 138 of the rocking link 135 by a slot 224, and in the position shown, i. e. with the pin 138 in the bottom of the slot 224,( the motions ofthe rocker 135 .are transmitted to the bail 140 to throw the totaliz'er wheels 20 into or out of mesh.

The link 139 is normally maintained in this position by a spring 225,.but on the non-adding key 200 being depressed the bell crank lever 222 'is rocked and the roller 223 thereon rides a cam face 226 to swing the link 139, so that the pin 138 occupies the upper portion of the` slot 224,.in which sufficient clearance is provided to enable the rocker 135 to oscillate and with it the pin 138 without transmitting motion to the bail A140, so that the totalizer wheels 20 are maintained out of engagement with the actuating .'racks 56 during both strokes of the handle 4'.

With this Non-add key 200 depressed therefore, an item can be set up in the keyboard and printed, the link 202being'operative without affecting any total which may be stored in the totalizer comprising the series of totalizer wheels 20.

230 and 231, Figure 10, represent the Sub-total and Total key respectively, these being mounted in the top plate 147 of the sub-frame 137 adjacent the subtraction change-over key4 146, but before describing the operation of these keys it 105 will be convenient to refer to the printing action.-

As before mentioned in ,connection with Figures 1 to 8, the rocker 70 of each calculating unit 12 is provided with a third arm 82 carrying a roller 83 engaging'a lever 84 pivoted to each 110 stretcher plate 28 at 85, the free end of each lever 84 being connected to a verticaltype bar 240 by a pin 241 at the lower end thereof.

To facilitate detachment of the individual units 12 the ends of the levers a4 are dotted as at 242 115 whereby on the removal of a unit the lever 84 may be freed from its vertical type bar 240.

As will be seen more clearly from Fig. 4, the series of type bars 240 ar arranged in compact relation at the rear of the machine, so that a in column relation, the levers 84 of the various units being bent inwardly to connect with the lower end of the type bars 240.

Each type bar 240 (see more particularly Figs. 6 and 12) has a fiat face for the receipt of the type 246 which is formed as a block with a recess 245 cn its rear face which engages with the flat face of the type bar, this arrangement enabling the type bars to be constructed cheaply from sheet metal.

In order to avoid the wear produced by percussive striking hammers and further to eliminate the consequent noise by the use of such hammers, the prnting action embodies means for effecting a gradual application of pressure on the type bars, the movement of the handle` subsequent to the setting of the type bars being effective to allow such gradual application of pressure, and the arrangement being such thatY normally the type bars are maintained in a non-print posiytion and towards the end of the forward stroke of the handle, after they have been set, a spring act on the type bars as the handle continues to the end of its forward stroke to thus effect the printing.

As shown in the drawings, with more especial reference to Figures 2, 4, 12, 12A and 12B, asso- 150 trolled pressure device, embodying means for aligning the type prior to printing and comprising a bell crank lever 251 and a rockable member both pivotally mounted on a common transverse shaft 252 carried by the main side frames 3 of the machine.

The rockable member, as shown, consists of a ilexible lever constituted by two arms 248 and 248e, pivotally connected at 248e, the arm 248 being pivotally mounted on the transverse shaft 252 and connected at its lower end 248a to a tension spring 265 fixed to the cross shaft 260, while the arm 248e is pivotally connected at 2481) to the bell crank 251 and is provided with a pin 247 which rides in a guide slot 24001. in the type bar 240. Preferably, the rear face of each type bar 240 is provided with serrations or teeth 253, while the associated bell crank 251 is provided at its top end with an outstanding pin 250 in the form of a striker preferably having an anti-friction roller 254 for engaging with the serrations 253 of the type bar 240 to align the latter after setting and prior to printing and apply pressure to the type bar by means of a tension springv 255 connecting the lower end 251a of each bell crank with the shaft 260, the pressure of the spring 255 also being augmented by the tension of the spring, 265, as will be explained hereinafter.

The pitch of the serrations or teeth 253 correspond with the spacing of the type, and by reason of the pins 250 or their rollers 254, engaging serrations, the setting of the various type bars is effected positively so that the correct type cornes opposite to the printing line.

As will be seen from Fig. 1, the heads of the type bars 240 project upwardly through an aperture 21 in the cover 17, and on a keyboard setting being made and the operating handle 4 rotated the various rockers 70 rotate in a counterclockwise direction so far as is permitted by the particular key setting for each column, the levers 84 of the printing action following the rollers 83 on the rockers by reason of the springs 249 and each type bar 240 is thus raised to a distance corresponding to the key setting in the particular column with which the type bar is associated.

For instance, supposing the 0 or column release key of a column to be depressed no' movement of the actuating mechanism and therefore of the rocker '70 to follow operation of the handle 4 would occur and thus, there would be no movement of the type bar 240 and the type 246 would remain with the 0 opposite the printing line of the roller 243.

Should the 9 key of any particular column have been depressed operation of the handle 4 would cause the actuating mechanism and therefore the rocker 70 to move to its full extent, so that the lever 84 of this particular column would cause its type bar 240 to raise to its full extent and place the 9 type on the printing line.

Printing is arranged to take place at the end of the initial stroke of the operating handle 4 except when the Non-print key 201 is depressed, and is controlled by a transverse'bail 261 carried by a pair of the arms v203 which are pivoted to the respective side frames 3 at 260 and operable from the main shaft 1, through the printing link 202 previously mentioned in connection with Fig. 9.

The pivotal arm 203 shown in Fig. 2, is extended below its pivot point 260, the other arm also preferably being so extended, and is connected to a tension spring 203a xed to the frame 3.

ciated with each type bar 240 is a spring con- I The transverse bail 261, normally engages the lower ends of both the bell cranks 251 and the levers 248 so as to maintain the pressure devices against the action of the springs 255 and 265 in a non-print position in which the type bars 240 are not pressed into contact with the paper carried by the roller 243.

The link 202 is connected to the operating shaft 1 by a pin and slot device constituted by an arm 262 keyed to the shaft 1, the free end of which arm carries a pin 263 riding in a slot 264 having a suitable radius in said link 202.

During the initial movement of the operating handle 4 in the direction of the arrow A in Figs. 2 and 6, the pin 263 first rides the slot 264, and just prior to the end of the initial or forward stroke of the handle 4 (that is, subsequent to the movement necessary to effect the maximum setting of the type bars) abuts with the end 264a of said slot, and during the movement of the handle to the end of the stroke causes the link 202 to move to the right to gradually move the bail 261 to the right against the tension in the springs 20311, which latter normally tend to keep the bail 261 abutting the lower ends 248a and 251a of the levers 248 and the bell cranks 251 respectively, until the pin 263 engages with the end 264a of the slot 264.

Assuming that the mechanism generally designated 270 has been operated, as will be described hereafter, as the bail 261 moves to the right, the ends 248a and 251a of the lever 248 and the bell crank 251 respectively of each pressure device follow, by the tension in the springs 265 and 255, to cause the levers 248 and the bell cranks 251 to rock about the common transverse shaft 252. The rocking of the bell cranks 251 causes the aligning rollers 254 thereon to move towards the type bars 240 while the rocking of the levers 248 causes the associated levers 248e to pivot about the pivot points 248D on the bell cranks 251 and thereby move the typev bars relatively towards the aligning rollers 254 until the latter engage with the serrations 253 corresponding to the setting of the type bars. This relative movement may be assisted by the springs 244 connecting the top ends of the bell cranks 251 with the levers 248e.

Consequent upon the aligning rollers 254 engaging with the serrations 253, the levers 248 and 248e of each pressure device then move as one so that subsequent to their alignment the type bars 240 are moved towards the roller 243 for printing under the combined influence of the springs 255 and 265. Thus, during the movement of the handle 4, subsequent to the setting of the type bars 240, the bail 261 is effective to gradually release the pressure devices to align the type bars simultaneously prior to printing and subsequently move the latter to printing position so that the item set up in the keyboard is printed on the paper carried by the roller 243.

Upon the return stroke of the handle 4, movement of the arm 262 to the left (see Fig. 2) a1- lows the springs 203a to act on the pivotal levers 203 so that the bail 261 iscaused to abut against the lower ends 248a and 251a of the pressure devices and thereby rock the levers 248 and the bell cranks 251 in a clockwise direction to disengage the aligning rollers 254 from the serrations 253 of the type bars 240. The type bars are thus allowed to be restored to their normal 'position against the tension of the springs 249, 

